Showing posts with label Pagan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pagan. Show all posts

Sunday, 13 April 2014

My Thoughts On Easter

One of the biggest celebrations is approaching out here in Bulgaria, and that is Easter. Many say that Easter is an even bigger celebration than Christmas. It is certainly a time for large family gatherings, which inevitably lead to parties. This year the Bulgarian Easter coincides with the UK one, which makes a change. This is because Western religions base their calculations on the Gregorian calendar, whereas the Eastern Orthodoxy utilises the Julian calendar. Easter is a moving celebration in that the date changes from year to year, unlike Christmas which is always focused on December 25th, the day when we are told that Jesus Christ was born.

Like many people of a similar age, when I was at school Religious Education was a compulsory subject, along with English and Maths. Most things that we were taught seemed either common sensically, or at least logically reasonable, and seemed to teach an ethical way to live. Now I might be in the minority here, but I have always had a problem with Easter. At school they tried to explain that Jesus Christ died on the cross, and three days later he was resurrected. This is where I begin to have problems, if the date of birth is always on such a day then surely the date of death would also be on a fixed date, and consequently the resurrection three days later.

So the church elders decided to tie everything in with the Jewish Passover celebrations, as the crucifiction, burial and resurrection all took place after Passover. Prior to 325AD it was always celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the Vernal equinox, as Jewish festivals and observances are based on solar and lunar cycles. Now in Western churches it is celebrated on the Sunday after the Paschal Full Moon.

So perhaps these Easter celebrations have many of their roots in Pagan celebrations which often tended to focus on the land and growing cycles. No-one can be sure but it seems as though the word Easter was first mentioned in the King James Bible translation, when it was substituted for the Hebrew word Pessach, which probably should have more accurately been Passover. Some historians surmise that this celebration always happened at the same time of year, and in the West Saxon dialect the month was known as Eastre. Which in turn was named after a Goddess associated with Spring and the dawn.


This Goddess was known as Eostre, and was often symbolised by a hare. The Venerable Bede wrote of his observances that in the month of, what is now April, feasts were held in Eostre's honour, by the pagan Anglo Saxons. Below is taken from Bede's book "De temporum ratione"

Original Latin:
Eostur-monath, qui nunc Paschalis mensis interpretatur, quondam a Dea illorum quæ Eostre vocabatur, et cui in illo festa celebrabant nomen habuit: a cujus nomine nunc Paschale tempus cognominant, consueto antiquæ observationis vocabulo gaudia novæ solemnitatis vocantes.


Modern English translation:

Eosturmonath has a name which is now translated "Paschal month", and which was once called after a goddess of theirs named Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. Now they designate that Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rite by the time-honoured name of the old observance."

When the scribes were translating the Bible into English, perhaps this is how the word Easter replaced Pessach. At the time of the Vernal Equinox the length of day is equivalent to that of the night, so people would start to focus on the world about them coming back to life. All signs of fertility. With Eostre often being represented by a Hare it is an easy step to see where the idea for the Easter Bunnie came from, especially when you consider what rabbits are best known for. Eggs are another old symbol for fertility, as so many things spring to life from a simple egg. Outside municipal buildings and on roundabouts across Bulgaria you will often see large baskets with brightly coloured eggs in. Homes throughout Bulgaria will be busy dying eggs, and they have egg fights to help promote good health. There will always be a red egg, and the thoughts behind that vary.  

Some say that it symbolises the red cloak that Jesus Christ was forced to wear as "The King of the Jews". Others claim that it symbolises the blood which was spilt when he was crucified. There is also another tale,
2 years after the resurrection of Christ, outside Jerusalem,Mary Magdalene was carrying a basket full of white eggs. She had heard the new governor would be passing there. In the middle of the road she put the basket full of the white eggs and stopped the new Governor saying:

"Welcome to Jerusalem oh Respectful Governor! I wish you will be righteous to the citizens of Jerusalem and will not be unrighteous like your predecessor Pontious Pilate. He, in vain, crucified the Son of God, Jesus Christ. He was threatened and He put Him on the Cross and He resurrected on the third day"

She explained all the miracles that He performed and His life. The governor on the horse was listening to her. At the end of the conversation he said to Mary Magdalene:
"If all the accounts you told me are true, let these white eggs that you put in the middle of the road become red. Then I will believe all you said about Jesus Christ of Nazareth."
Immediately all the eggs turned red and Mary Magdalene gave one red egg to the governor Tiberius and one she kept and said:
"Christ is Risen" and he replied: " Truly He is Risen"
From this event we have the greeting Christ is Risen and Truly is risen and also the red eggs.

Then there are also the Hot Cross buns which we all seem quite partial too. Where do they fit into things? The hot spiced buns are quite simple. In the Old Testament the Israelites are mentioned baking them for an idol, which the church leaders tried to prevent. The early church elders were forever trying to prevent various sacred cakes from being baked, with no luck. So a way was found to fit them in with the new Christian religion, and make the new converts more amenable with somethings which were familiar. Some say that the cross signifies the cross of the crucifixion, others that it is to do with the star constellation the Soutern Cross or  even the four quarters of the moon, it all seems to be a matter of what the individual is comfortable with. 

Lamb is the main meat eaten by Bulgarians at this time of year. Again could that have something to do with fertility as young lambs are now being born. Perhaps it is to do with Passover when every first born was meant to die. The Jews were spared because they sacrificed a lamb, and the blood of the lamb was marked on their doors to signal to the angel of death. Was Jesus Christ not also known as the lamb of God, and wasn't he also sacrificed?

It just all seems so jumbled, with bits taken from here, borrowed from there and wedged in from somewhere else. Even the idea of resurrection occurs in many other religions and mythologies. The sunrise services, welcoming the dawn do seem very pagan, and much being based around the Jewish observances, which were mainly either lunar or solar based, also seems at odds with things. Who am I to say? Whatever your beliefs or thoughts may you enjoy yourselves with loved ones, as to my mind that is what is important. 
 
 

Friday, 14 February 2014

Trifon Zarezan Den

St Valentine's Day
Not only is February 14th the normal St Valentine's Day, but here in Bulgaria there are a couple of other things that I have to remember. One thing that I always have to avoid forgetting is that it is also Net's birthday. Although Net does keep saying that she doesn't want a fuss, she has even gone so far as to hide her birthday on Facebook. It hasn't worked, well about as well as me hiding mine from Facebook did. So even just for birthdays February has always been a busy month. Here in Bulgaria, especially in the villages, today is St Trifon's Day. He is the saint associated with vines and wine.

Or Is It?
It does seem to be a more practical celebration, rather than the overly commercialised Valentine's Day. These celebrations to the vines and to wine are rooted in history. Many claim that they are similar in style to the old pagan rituals that the Thracian's held in honour of the Greek god of wine, Dionysus. It also marks the end of Winter and the coming of Spring. Depending on which calendar you use St Trifon's Day can fall on one of two days. If you use the old calendar its on the 1st, for the more modern outlook it is today. Many, quite sensibly, hedge their bets and celebrate on both days.

The Traditional Way
As in most cases there are always regional variations which happen, but it seems to be a day long celebration wherever it happens. People get up early on these days, although that is nothing unusual in the many villages throughout Bulgaria. The men head off out to the vineyards outside of the villages, as it is only men who are supposedly to prune the vines. On entering the vineyard the man turns to face the rising sun, and makes the sign of the cross three times. He then cuts three twigs from different vines. The places where these three cuts are made are then washed with red wine, holy water and wood ash from a fire which was burnt on Christmas Eve. Prayers for an abundant harvest are spoken as the pruning takes place, hoping to gain favour with whichever spirit actually looks after the vines. The cut pieces of vine are woven into a wreath which is either worn across the shoulder or adorns a wine flask. Later it will be placed in front of the house icon. Any trees which have not borne fruit the previous season are ritualistically threatened to be cut down if they don't produce this year.

Washing The Cut Vine Stems With Red Wine
In some regions three hot coals are taken from the hearth, and these are used to indicate which crops will be good in the coming season. The coals are also symbolic as they represent the warmth of the sun. Then there is much eating, drinking and singing in the middle of the vineyard. Whichever man's vines produced the most grapes at the last harvest is declared King. Which seems to be another excuse for more drinking of wine. If wine is spilt it doesn't matter, as whatever is drunk or spilt on the ground all goes towards ensuring a good harvest for this season. It is something that many villagers put a lot of emphasis on.

The King
Even during the evening the villagers gather at the 'King's' house, where more eating, drinking, dancing and singing is carried out. Reading the previous bits and pieces you might think that it is all just a male thing, trying to ensure a bountiful harvest. While the men are in the vineyards the women are also busy in the home. Special round loaves are made, which symbolise a fertile field. These are passed out and shared with friends, neighbours and relatives. Special festive breads decorated with grapes and vine leaves are also quite popular. Today is not a day to be a chicken, especially not a black one. A chicken is stuffed and roasted, some will be eaten in the vineyard and some at the evening's celebration at the King's house.

Traditional Round Bread Made By Petya Rainova
So today is a day about trying to ensure that the coming year is a fruitful one for the whole village or community. It is easy to make assumptions about the old pagan fertility rites, and how with the onset of Christianity many such celebrations were claimed and adjusted by the Church. Maybe it has something to do with the fact that a happy village is often a more productive village. Maybe that also accounts for the three vine twigs, and the three hot coals, all used to symbolise the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. This ritualistic pruning is normally the first work which is carried out on the land each year, so after the normally harsh winter people quite understandably look forward to the coming of Spring with the warmer days and new growth everywhere.

Some of you might be wondering where the 'Zarezan' comes into things. This means 'snub nosed', and by all accounts like other villagers had a vineyard. He was pruning his vines one day when the Virgin Mary happened to pass. Rather unkindly he mocked her saying that she didn't know who the father of her child was. In retaliation Mary condemned him to accidentally cut his nose with his own pruning shears. Hence the name Zarezan or snub nosed. Wine is such an important part of Bulgarian life that if you ever see an icon depicting St Trifon you will always notice that he is holding his pruning shears.      

Wishing You Well Whatever You Are Celebrating
So no matter what you choose to celebrate, there is always a good reason to celebrate something here in Bulgaria